http://ubuntuguide.net/install-ubuntu-910karmic-from-windows-xp-dual-boot-system

If you are operating on Windows now,you can try following steps to install ubuntu 9.10.
1.Download ubuntu karmic iso image from www.ubuntu.com
Download the latest grub4dos from here
2.Extract grldr and meun.lst from grub4dos package to root directory of C:. Copy and paste the iso image into root directory of C:\
3.Extract initrd.lz and vmlinuz from ubuntu9-10.iso/casper/ to root directory of C:(C:\initrd.lz,C:\vmlinuz).
4.Edit menu.lst by notebook,copy and paste following into the file.

timeout 5 default 0 title Ubuntu 9.10 install root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-9.10-desktop-amd64.iso ro quiet splash initrd /initrd.lz

change ubuntu-9.10-desktop-amd64.iso to the iso filename you downloaded.
5.Edit C:\boot.ini,add this line to the end:

c:\grldr="Ubuntu 9.10"

6.Restart,select boot from Ubuntu 9.10.You will get into ubuntu just like boot up with live-CD

鱼漂注:
1. Ubuntu12也可以采用类似方式从硬盘安装
2. 如果已安装一键Ghost,系统中已安装了Grub4Dos,可以直接修改C:\dosh\ghos的menu.lst
3. 如果安装过程中出现无法卸载/isodevice目录时,可以用Ctrl+Alt+F1切到命令行,umount -l /isodevice卸载后,再用Alt + F7回到图形界面继续安装。

Ubuntu Unity 创建桌面快捷方式

[不指定 2012/07/28 12:45 | by ipaddr ]

Unity的发展越来越好了,个人感觉从Ubuntu12.04开始,Unity终于可以说是可以用了。接下来就讲讲在Unity中创建快捷方式并添加到Launch Panel。

  拿eclipse举例,从eclipse.org下载好eclipse后,解压到/usr/local/eclipse中,执行以下命令创建一个App快捷方式:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

在gedit中输入以下代码:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Eclipse Platform
Comment=Eclipse IDE
Exec=/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse
Icon=/usr/local/eclipse/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
Type=Application
Categories=Development;

这时进入到/usr/bin/eclipse中,双击eclipse相应图标,如果想在Lancher现实,则在Launch Panel右击程序对应程序点选Lock to Launcher。

鱼漂:客观的讲,这用户体验做得真是相当相当糟糕,创建个快捷方式还得手动编辑配置,一般人不google一下还真找不到方法。

http://www.liberiangeek.net/2012/04/install-adobe-flash-reader-air-in-ubuntu-12-04-precise-pangolin/

This brief tutorial is going to show you how to install Adobe Flash Player, Acrobat Reader and Adobe Air in Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin). Having these three programs installed in Ubuntu makes your experience with Ubuntu better. You can watch flash videos, interact with rich applications online and open PDF documents easily. This tutorial is going to be short and easy, and without wasting anymore of your time let’s get going.

Objectives:

  • Install Adobe Flash / Reader / and Air in Ubuntu 12.04
  • Enjoy!

To get started, press Ctrl – Alt – T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When Terminal opens, run the commands below to enable Canonical Partner Repository.

sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

 

adobe_flash_acrobat_precise

 

Next, run the commands below to update your system and install Adobe Flash Player and Adobe Reader.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer acroread

 

adobe_flash_acrobat_precise_1

 

Next, run the commands below to download Adobe Air executable.

wget http://airdownload.adobe.com/air/lin/download/latest/AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

 

adobe_flash_acrobat_precise_2

 

Then run the commands below to change the permission on the file so that it’s executable.

sudo chmod +x AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

 

adobe_flash_acrobat_precise_3

 

Next, run the commands below to install Adobe Air.

sudo ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

 

adobe_flash_acrobat_precise_4

 

If everything works, all should be installed. If you run into problems with adobe Air about missing gnome-keyring or KDE Wallet, run the commands below to fix it, then re-run the air installer.

 

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

 

For 64-bit systems, run copy and past the commands below

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

 

Enjoy!

Ubuntu 12.04 – install sun jdk 6-7

[不指定 2012/07/28 10:31 | by ipaddr ]

Ubuntu GNU/Linux 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) released. I wanted to manually install the Sun JDK 6 and 7 on Ubuntu.

Installing Sun JDK 6 on Ubuntu 12.04:

  • Make the bin file executeable:
chmod +x jdk-6u32-linux-x64.bin
  • Extract the bin file:
./jdk-6u32-linux-x64.bin
  • Move extracted folder to this location:
sudo mv jdk1.6.0_32 /usr/lib/jvm/
  • Install new java source in system:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/bin/javac 1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/bin/java 1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javaws javaws /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/bin/javaws 1
  • Choose default java:
sudo update-alternatives --config javac sudo update-alternatives --config java sudo update-alternatives --config javaws
  • java version test:
java -version
  • Verify the symlinks all point to the new java location:
ls -la /etc/alternatives/java*
  • Enable Java plugin for Mozilla Firefox (even for Chrome)
#for 64-Bit jdk sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins #for 32-Bit jdk sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins

Installing Sun JDK 7 on Ubuntu 12.04:

  • Download the sun jdk 7 tar file from here
  • Extract the tar file:
tar -xvzf jdk-7u4-linux-x64.tar.gz
  • Move extracted folder to this location:
sudo mv jdk1.7.0_04 /usr/lib/jvm/
  • Install new java source in system:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/bin/javac 1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/bin/java 1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javaws javaws /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/bin/javaws 1
  • Choose default java:
sudo update-alternatives --config javac sudo update-alternatives --config java sudo update-alternatives --config javaws
  • java version test:
java -version
  • Verify the symlinks all point to the new java location:
ls -la /etc/alternatives/java*
  • Enable Java plugin for Mozilla Firefox (even for Chrome)
#for 64-Bit jdk sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins #for 32-Bit jdk sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins

Update: I have added Java Web Start configuration (Thanks Jack).

Update: I have added Java Plugin configuration for Mozilla Firefox even for Chrome (Thanks shetty).

Update: JAVA_HOME configuration: Some tools require JAVA_HOME variable. You can set JAVA_HOME in Ubuntu so simple: Edit the file .bashrc under your home directory and add the following lines: (if .bashrc is hidden click in Nautilus Menu View > Show Hidden Files)

export JAVA_HOME=/path/your/jdk export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

CMAKE的使用

[不指定 2012/07/21 13:04 | by ipaddr ]

一、基本使用
安装:下载二进制包后可直接解压使用

从源码安装则执行命令:./bootstrap; make; make install——尝试执行bootstrap失败

使用:cmake dir_path,生成工程文件或makefile文件

二、概念
out-of-source build,与in-source build相对,即将编译输出文件与源文件放到不同目录中;

三、基本结构
1,依赖CMakeLists.txt文件,项目主目标一个,主目录中可指定包含的子目录;

2,在项目CMakeLists.txt中使用project指定项目名称,add_subdirectory添加子目录

3,子目录CMakeLists.txt将从父目录CMakeLists.txt继承设置(TBD,待检验)

四、语法
1.  #注释

2.  变量:使用set命令显式定义及赋值,在非if语句中,使用${}引用,if中直接使用变量名引用;后续的set命令会清理变量原来的值;

3.  command (args ...)  #命令不分大小写,参数使用空格分隔,使用双引号引起参数中空格

4.  set(var a;b;c) <=> set(var a b c)  #定义变量var并赋值为a;b;c这样一个string list

5.  Add_executable(${var}) <=> Add_executable(a b c)   #变量使用${xxx}引用

6.  条件语句:

if(var) #var 非empty 0 N No OFF FALSE... #非运算使用NOT
       …
else()/elseif() … endif(var)

7.  循环语句

Set(VAR a b c)
Foreach(f ${VAR})       …Endforeach(f)

8.  循环语句

WHILE() … ENDWHILE()

五、内部变量
CMAKE_C_COMPILER:指定C编译器

CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:

CMAKE_C_FLAGS:编译C文件时的选项,如-g;也可以通过add_definitions添加编译选项

EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH:可执行文件的存放路径

LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH:库文件路径

CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE::build 类型(Debug, Release, ...),CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

BUILD_SHARED_LIBS:Switch between shared and static libraries

内置变量的使用:

>> 在CMakeLists.txt中指定,使用set

>> cmake命令中使用,如cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF

六、命令
project (HELLO)   #指定项目名称,生成的VC项目的名称;

>>使用${HELLO_SOURCE_DIR}表示项目根目录

include_directories:指定头文件的搜索路径,相当于指定gcc的-I参数

>> include_directories (${HELLO_SOURCE_DIR}/Hello)  #增加Hello为include目录

link_directories:动态链接库或静态链接库的搜索路径,相当于gcc的-L参数

>> link_directories (${HELLO_BINARY_DIR}/Hello)     #增加Hello为link目录

add_subdirectory:包含子目录

>> add_subdirectory (Hello)

add_executable:编译可执行程序,指定编译,好像也可以添加.o文件

>> add_executable (helloDemo demo.cxx demo_b.cxx)   #将cxx编译成可执行文件——

add_definitions:添加编译参数

>> add_definitions(-DDEBUG)将在gcc命令行添加DEBUG宏定义;

>> add_definitions( “-Wall -ansi –pedantic –g”)

target_link_libraries:添加链接库,相同于指定-l参数

>> target_link_libraries(demo Hello) #将可执行文件与Hello连接成最终文件demo

add_library:

>> add_library(Hello hello.cxx)  #将hello.cxx编译成静态库如libHello.a

add_custom_target:

message( status|fatal_error, “message”):

set_target_properties( ... ): lots of properties... OUTPUT_NAME, VERSION, ....

link_libraries( lib1 lib2 ...): All targets link with the same set of libs

七、说明
1,CMAKE生成的makefile能够处理好.h文件更改时只编译需要的cpp文件;

八、FAQ
1)怎样获得一个目录下的所有源文件
>> aux_source_directory(<dir> <variable>)

>> 将dir中所有源文件(不包括头文件)保存到变量variable中,然后可以add_executable (ss7gw ${variable})这样使用。

2)怎样指定项目编译目标
>>  project命令指定

3)怎样添加动态库和静态库
>> target_link_libraries命令添加即可

4)怎样在执行CMAKE时打印消息
>> message([SEND_ERROR | STATUS | FATAL_ERROR] "message to display" ...)

>> 注意大小写

5)怎样指定头文件与库文件路径
>> include_directories与link_directories

>>可以多次调用以设置多个路径

>> link_directories仅对其后面的targets起作用

6)怎样区分debug、release版本
>>建立debug/release两目录,分别在其中执行cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug(或Release),需要编译不同版本时进入不同目录执行make即可;

Debug版会使用参数-g;Release版使用-O3 –DNDEBUG

>> 另一种设置方法——例如DEBUG版设置编译参数DDEBUG

IF(DEBUG_mode)

    add_definitions(-DDEBUG)

ENDIF()

在执行cmake时增加参数即可,例如cmake -D DEBUG_mode=ON

7)怎样设置条件编译
例如debug版设置编译选项DEBUG,并且更改不应改变CMakelist.txt

>> 使用option command,eg:

option(DEBUG_mode "ON for debug or OFF for release" ON)

IF(DEBUG_mode)

    add_definitions(-DDEBUG)

ENDIF()

>> 使其生效的方法:首先cmake生成makefile,然后make edit_cache编辑编译选项;Linux下会打开一个文本框,可以更改,该完后再make生成目标文件——emacs不支持make edit_cache;

>> 局限:这种方法不能直接设置生成的makefile,而是必须使用命令在make前设置参数;对于debug、release版本,相当于需要两个目录,分别先cmake一次,然后分别make edit_cache一次;

>> 期望的效果:在执行cmake时直接通过参数指定一个开关项,生成相应的makefile——可以这样做,例如cmake –DDEBUGVERSION=ON

8)怎样添加编译宏定义
>> 使用add_definitions命令,见命令部分说明

9)怎样添加编译依赖项
用于确保编译目标项目前依赖项必须先构建好

>>add_dependencies

10)怎样指定目标文件目录
>> 建立一个新的目录,在该目录中执行cmake生成Makefile文件,这样编译结果会保存在该目录——类似

>> SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(ss7gw PROPERTIES

                      RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${BIN_DIR}")

11)很多文件夹,难道需要把每个文件夹编译成一个库文件?
>> 可以不在子目录中使用CMakeList.txt,直接在上层目录中指定子目录

12)怎样设定依赖的cmake版本
>>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)

13)相对路径怎么指定
>> ${projectname_SOURCE_DIR}表示根源文件目录,${ projectname _BINARY_DIR}表示根二进制文件目录?

14)怎样设置编译中间文件的目录
>> TBD

15)怎样在IF语句中使用字串或数字比较
>>数字比较LESS、GREATER、EQUAL,字串比STRLESS、STRGREATER、STREQUAL,

>> Eg:

set(CMAKE_ALLOW_LOOSE_LOOP_CONSTRUCTS ON)

set(AAA abc)

IF(AAA STREQUAL abc)

    message(STATUS "true")   #应该打印true

ENDIF()

16)更改h文件时是否只编译必须的cpp文件
>> 是

17)机器上安装了VC7和VC8,CMAKE会自动搜索编译器,但是怎样指定某个版本?
>> TBD

18)怎样根据OS指定编译选项
>> IF( APPLE ); IF( UNIX ); IF( WIN32 )

19)能否自动执行某些编译前、后命令?
>> 可以,TBD

20)怎样打印make的输出
make VERBOSE=1

参考文献:
[1] CMake_Tutorial.pdf
[2] CMake使用总结,http://blog.csdn.net/keensword007/archive/2008/07/16/2663235.aspx
[3] http://www.cmake.org/
[4] 安装包中文档
[5] Andrej Cedilnik,HOWTO: Cross-Platform Software Development Using CMake,October, 2003
[6] Cjacker,CMake实践.PDF
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